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Self-Building and Self-Knowledge: Two Sides of the Same Coin
There is no aim loftier or more sublime for the human being than "self-building," which represents the ultimate purpose of his creation. Yet it should be noted that "self-building" and "self-knowledge" are linked and intertwined to a great extent, so much so that one may say they are two sides of the same coin. "Self-building" is nothing other than striving to raise the self ever higher on the ladder of humanity, and how can one speak of the self's ascent without speaking of knowledge of the self?! "Self-knowledge," and knowledge of the essence of the human being's existence, must therefore be made the axis and focal point of "self-building."
The Path to Self-Knowledge
If someone wishes to attain knowledge of the essence of human existence and of the human self, the best path is to return to this self, to plunge into its depths and to discover its reality, together with the inner faculties and innate inclinations that have been placed within it. After that, one begins the effort to discover the optimal path that secures the best use of these inner faculties and the fullest investment of these innate inclinations in pursuit of the fundamental aim and true happiness. Once a person knows this path, he is able to set sail towards building this self.
Knowledge journeys on this subject
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Striving Against the Self
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Reflecting on the Depths of the Self
Hence the best method we can adopt in the field of self-knowledge is to reflect on the depths of our existence and to discover the factors placed within our fiṭra (primordial nature), so that we may journey towards the fundamental goal and attain it.
The Place of Self-Knowledge in Religions
Self-knowledge is among the most important fundamental and central questions on which the various religions and schools of thought have focused. We find that all these religions and schools, despite their differences, emphasise that if a person knows himself, he will arrive at the truths of nature and the secrets of creation. This is because of the connection and harmony that exist between knowledge of the human being and knowledge of the world, and indeed knowledge of his Creator and the Creator of the world.
مَنْ عَرَفَ نَفْسَهُ فَقَدْ عَرَفَ رَبَّهُ.
Whoever knows himself has known his Lord.
The Islamic Emphasis on Self-Building
When we turn to the religion of Islam, we find a divine emphasis on the question of self-building, and we find this emphasis reflected in the words of the leaders of this religion, namely the Most Noble Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله — God's blessings be upon him and his family) and the Pure Imams (عليهم السلام — peace be upon them). We find them placing the utmost emphasis on the question of "self-knowledge" and on the necessity of turning attention to the self.
Their emphasis and counsel point to an innate truth, which is this:
O human being, by your very fiṭra you seek happiness, but you cannot know your happiness until you know your self.
The Relationship between Self-Knowledge and Happiness
In truth, when we reflect on our efforts and activities in life, whether intellectual or practical, we find that all of them are directed towards securing things such as "pleasure," "happiness," "benefit" and the like.
Yet there is no doubt that so long as we have not come to know the human being, his perfections, aptitudes and capacities, his origin and his end, and have not discovered the dimensions of his existence, we will be unable to know his pleasures, his happiness and his interests.
So long as we are ignorant of ourselves, how can we correctly determine our pleasures, our happiness and our interests, and discern which of them is more important and better than the others?!
Self-Knowledge as the Foundation of All Knowledge
Hence the question of self-knowledge takes precedence over all other questions; indeed, without knowing the reality of the human being and his true station, all other discussions will be without benefit or fruit.
A farmer who wishes to tend to the growth and flourishing of a tree will be wholly unable to accomplish this task so long as he has not become acquainted with that tree and has not determined the degree of warmth and the amount of water it needs and the type of fertiliser it requires; all his efforts will come to nothing.
Conclusion
Self-knowledge is not merely a philosophical or intellectual question; rather, it is the cornerstone of all human progress and the gateway to true happiness. A person cannot proceed towards building his self without beginning from knowledge of his self, for the two are two sides of the same coin, and the path of ascent begins only from within.
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